Osteoarthritis: Causes, Symptoms, & Physiotherapy Management
Introduction
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, in which there is a wear and tear of cartilage in the joint. It is the most common type of arthritis and is more common in older people.
People with osteoarthritis usually have joint pain and, after rest or inactivity, stiffness for a short period of time.
Causes
Osteoarthritis can occur due to multiple reasons. Causes can be primary or secondary –
Primary osteoarthritis
Primary osteoarthritis is also called idiopathic osteoarthritis. But even though the exact cause remains unknown, researchers have identified some risk factors that increase the probability of developing OA.
Risk factors include :-
Increasing age
Genetics
Obesity
Previous fracture
Repetitive stress
Occupations involving heavy manual work
High impact sports
Secondary osteoarthritis
Happens when something directly damages one of your joints enough to cause osteoarthritis. Injuries and traumas are common causes of secondary osteoarthritis. Other types of arthritis can damage the cartilage in the joints.
What are osteoarthritis symptoms?
The most common symptoms of osteoarthritis include:
Pain in a joint
Stiffness.
Swelling near a joint.
A decreased range of motion
A joint looking noticeably different than it used to (joint deformity).
Is osteoarthritis curable?
There’s no cure for osteoarthritis, but the condition does not necessarily get any worse over time. There are a number of treatments to help relieve the symptoms. The main treatments for the symptoms of osteoarthritis include: Physiotherapy and lifestyle measures – such as maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly.
Physiotherapy management includes
Manual therapy – Manual therapy helps to relieve tension from the muscles and enhance the mobility of the joint.
Deep tissue release and trigger point therapy helps to release the trigger points in the muscle in order to improve the blood flow making the muscles more efficient.
Ultrasonic and LASER therapy – US and LASER helps to promote healing of the joints and muscles thereby reducing inflammation and pain.
Strengthening exercises – Strengthening exercises plays a vital role in the management of OA as it strengthen the muscle and slows down the degenerative process.
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