Difference Between Oedema and Swelling
Oedema is a medical term used to describe swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in the body’s tissues. It is most commonly observed in the feet, ankles, and legs but can also affect the face, hands, and abdomen. On the other hand, swelling refers to the enlargement of a part of the body due to fluid buildup or inflammation, affecting both internal and external areas.
Symptoms of Oedema
- Increased size in a specific body part compared to the previous day.
- Skin appears stretched and shiny over the swollen area.
- Difficulty walking when legs, ankles, or feet are affected.
- May experience coughing or breathing difficulties.
- A sensation of fullness or tightness in the swollen area.
- Mild pain or soreness in the affected region.
Causes of Oedema
- Gravity: Prolonged standing or sitting can cause fluid to accumulate in the lower extremities due to the pull of gravity.
- Venous Insufficiency: Weakened vein valves make it difficult for blood to return to the heart, leading to fluid buildup in the legs and varicose veins.
- Medical Conditions: Diseases such as heart failure, liver or kidney disorders, and thyroid issues often list oedema as a symptom.
- Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, including those for blood pressure or pain management, may cause oedema.
- Poor Nutrition: Diets high in salt or lacking in essential nutrients can result in fluid retention.
- Pregnancy: Pressure from the uterus on blood vessels in the lower body often causes leg swelling during pregnancy.
- Immune Response: Allergies, infections, burns, trauma, or blood clots can trigger oedema.
Grading Scale for Oedema
- Grade 1: Immediate rebound with a 2mm pit.
- Grade 2: Less than 15-second rebound with a 3–4mm pit.
- Grade 3: Rebound between 15–60 seconds with a 5–6mm pit.
- Grade 4: Rebound lasting 2–3 minutes with an 8mm pit.
What is Swelling?
Swelling occurs when organs, skin, or tissues enlarge, usually due to inflammation or fluid buildup. It can be internal or external, and its severity may vary.
Symptoms of Swelling
- Itching
- Vomiting
- Flatulence
- Pain in the affected area
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Flu-like symptoms
Causes of Swelling
External swelling can result from inflammation in bones, tissues, or muscles. Cysts and tumors may also cause visible swelling.
Common causes of external swelling include:
- Insect bites
- Rashes
- Hives
- Injuries
- Fluid retention
- Pregnancy
- Menstrual cycle
- Hormonal changes
- Infections
Types of External Swelling:
- Localized Swelling: Affects a specific area, such as swelling around the eyes due to an infection or an insect bite.
- Widespread Swelling: Covers a large body area, often linked to serious conditions like fluid retention or allergic reactions.
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